Resumen: Entre el pensamiento de José Gaos y el de Eduardo Nicol se cierne una diferencia sustancial en torno al concepto de la filosofía. Para el primero, ésta es una suerte de confesión personal; mientras que para Nicol la filosofía debe ser producto de una hazaña dialógica y el conocimiento tiene que ser objetivo.: José Gaos’s and Eduardo Nicol’s concepts of philosophy differ substantially. For the former, philosophy is a sort of personal confession, whereas for the later it must be (...) the outcome of dialogical achievement, and as for knowledge, this has to be objective. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza uno de los episodios más importantes de la batalla ideológica y cultural entre el PSI de Craxi y el PCI de Berlinguer de los años 1976-1978: la crítica socialista del concepto de “Hegemonía” de Antonio Gramsci. Una crítica que se produce en la revista Mondoperaio en 1977 y coincide con el 40 aniversario de la muerte de Gramsci. Como se tratará de mostrar, esta crítica del pensamiento gramsciano está vinculado a los procesos de transformación ideológica del socialismo (...) y el comunismo del sur de Europa a finales de los años setenta. En este sentido, la crítica del concepto de “Hegemonía” de Gramsci que realizarán los intelectuales del PSI, denunciando su matriz leninista, no puede disociarse del debate sobre la legitimidad de los partidos comunistas para gobernar en las democracias occidentales en la Guerra fría. (shrink)

Background:The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a shortage of qualified nurses in Spain. As a result, the government authorized the hiring of senior students.Objectives:To explore the ethical dilemmas and ethical conflicts experienced by final-year nursing students who worked during the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.Research design:A qualitative exploratory study was conducted using purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were carried out using a question guide. Interviews took place via a private video chat room platform. A thematic, inductive (...) analysis was performed of the information gathered.Participants and research context:Eighteen nursing students were recruited from two universities of Madrid, aged between 18 and 65 years old, enrolled in the fourth year of nursing studies and who were hired under a relief contract for health professionals during the pandemic.Ethical considerations:The present study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos.Results:Three specific themes emerged: (a) coping with patient triage, (b) difficulties in providing end-of-life care, and (c) coping with patient death. Nursing students participated in the process of patient selection for resource allocation and ICU bed occupancy. They were shown how to care for patients who were not admitted to the ICU, in their last moments and were faced with the difficulties of applying end-of-life care. Finally, the nursing students were confronted with the death of their patients, in overwhelming numbers and under adverse conditions.Conclusions:These findings can help shed light on the ethical dilemmas and ethical conflicts faced by novice nursing students, incorporated into the workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, it was described that students may normalize the death due to the exhaustion and overwhelmed routine. (shrink)

O presente texto tem como objetivo discutir expressões das masculinidades negras a partir da poética do rap na produção do rapper paulista Criolo.

En este artículo se estudia el papel jugado por diferentes órdenes religiosas con vistas a la instalación de alguna de sus comunidades en el antiguo cenobio agustino de Nuestra Señora de Regla sito en la localidad gaditana de Chipiona en el marco del proceso de restauración de las órdenes religiosas vivido en España tras la supresión de las mismas, sobre todo con la llegada al trono español del rey Alfonso XII en 1875, proceso que se vio complicado por la instalación (...) en nuestro país de las comunidades religiosas expulsadas de Francia a partir de 1880. Se analiza especialmente el papel desempeñado por los franciscanos misioneros españoles y los monjes benedictinos franceses de las abadías de Solesmes y Ligugé. (shrink)

En este artículo se analizan las transformaciones producidas en el patrimonio artístico de la iglesia parroquial de la Purísima Concepción de Gilena entre los años 1874 y 1928 según los datos contenidos en varios inventarios de dicha iglesia realizados en ese tiempo.

Ampliación de un estudio anterior en la que se dan a conocer nuevas aportaciones acerca del devenir histórico de la iglesia parroquial de Gilena desde sus orígenes, en el siglo XVI, hasta el siglo XIX.

En este artículo se analiza un expediente conservado en el Archivo General del Arzobispado de Sevilla que trata acerca del intento de fundar una nueva congregación del Oratorio de San Felipe Neri en la ciudad de Écija el año 1749, fundación que finalmente no se llevó a cabo.

According to a growing body of studies, people’s ability to forecast future emotional experiences is generally biased. Nonetheless, the existing literature has mainly explored affective forecasting in relation to specific events, whereas little is still known about the ability to make general estimations of future emotional states. Based on existing evidence suggesting future-oriented disposition as a key factor for mental health, the aims of the current study were (1) to investigate the relationship between negative (NA) and positive (PA) affective forecasting (...) biases and perceived psychological well-being, and (2) to explore whether positively biased predictions are associated with resilience and foster one’s skills to cope with stressful events. To do so, we asked 85 undergraduate students to forecast PA and NA over two weeks, as well as to report their daily affect through a web-based Ecological Momentary Assessment. According to the results, positively biased PA forecasting (i.e., overestimating positive emotional states) was associated with greater perceived psychological well-being and higher resilience. When high levels of stress were experienced, participants holding an optimistic, yet biased, estimation of future PA were more likely to successfully manage stressors, thus maintaining lower levels of NA and higher levels of positive emotions. We suggest that positively biased PA forecasting is an adaptive cognitive distortion that boosts people’s resilience and mental health, thus opening new avenues for the promotion of psychological well-being. (shrink)

This book intends to make known, in a detailed but accessible way to the general public, an old idea, but which has had a renewed interest in recent years: the proposal of attributing an unconditional basic income for all. This idea, often discarded and disqualified for allegedly belonging to the mere domain of utopia, understood in a pejorative sense as something unrealizable, has been the target of the interest of many people (academics, politicians, businesspeople, activists and, of course, all citizens (...) concerned with the common good) is presented as being feasible through several concrete experiences and pilot projects. (shrink)

Adolescence is a stage characterized by many biological and psychosocial changes, all of which may result in a decrease in subjective well-being. It is therefore necessary to identify those factors that contribute to increased life satisfaction, in order to promote positive development among young people. The aim of this study is to examine the dynamics of a set of variables that contribute to life satisfaction. A total of 1,188 adolescents completed the Perceived Social Support from Family and Friends and Perception (...) of the School Environment Questionnaires, the Trait Meta Mood Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10, and Satisfaction with Life Scale for social support, emotion regulation, resilience, and life satisfaction. By applying structural equation modeling, the results reveal a direct prediction of family support, emotion regulation, and resilience on life satisfaction. Support from friends and emotion regulation was also found to explain resilience, and support from family and teachers was found to predict emotion regulation. In conclusion, emotion regulation and social support were found to indirectly affect life satisfaction among adolescents through resilience. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed. (shrink)

Negar el libre albedrío implica que el ser humano no es libre por naturaleza, sino que puede llegar a serlo mediante un uso adecuado de su inteligencia; libertad que solo la consiguen los “sabios”. Por eso, cuando Spinoza entiende la democracia como la forma de gobierno que mejor defiende la libertad, esto vale para los “sabios”, pero no para el vulgo, que solo mediante el miedo y la esperanza es conducido a obrar según los dictados de la razón. ¿No será (...) esta indeseable consecuencia la que le impidió terminar su Tratado Político, precisamente cuando se aprestaba a estudiar la democracia? (shrink)

A entrevista que se segue foi concedida pela Professora Nilda Teves Ferreira no dia 15 de fevereiro de 2012, em seu apartamento na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no bairro do Méier. O registro ocorreu com o propósito de integrar um livro que reuniria conversações com diversos intelectuais atuantes no RJ, projeto que não chegou a ser concluído. Participam da conversa os Professores Simone Freitas Chaves e Jorge Felipe Fonseca Moreira, ambos orientados em suas pesquisas sobre o discurso do (...) Imaginário Social por Nilda Teves; além do Prof. Roberto S. Kahlmeyer-Mertens, organizador do mencionado livro. (shrink)

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of pre-existing migraine in patients hospitalised and who recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection with the presence of post-coronavirus disease symptoms.BackgroundNo study has investigated the role of migraine as a risk factor for development of post-COVID symptoms.MethodsA case-control study including individuals hospitalised during the first wave of the pandemic was conducted. Patients with confirmed previous diagnosis of migraine were considered cases. Two age- and sex-matched individuals without a history of headache per case were (...) also recruited as controls. Hospitalisation/clinical data were collected from hospital medical records. Patients were scheduled for a telephone interview. A list of post-COVID symptoms was systematically evaluated, but participants were invited to freely report any symptom. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to assess anxiety/depressive symptoms and sleep quality. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were constructed.ResultsOverall, 57 patients with confirmed diagnosis of migraine and 144 non-migraine controls who had recovered from COVID-19 were assessed at 7.3 months after hospital discharge. The number of post-COVID symptoms in the migraine group was significantly greater than in the non-migraine group. Fatigue was significantly more prevalent in the migraine group. However, no between-groups difference in the prevalence of headache as a post-COVID symptom was detected.ConclusionPatients with a history of migraine who recovered from COVID-19 exhibited more long-term fatigue as post-COVID sequelae than those without migraine. Some of the pathophysiological changes associated with migraine could predispose to the occurrence of post-COVID symptoms. (shrink)

The topology of DNA duplexes changes during replication and also after deproteinization in vitro. Here we describe these changes and then discuss for the first time how the distribution of superhelical stress affects the DNA topology of replication intermediates, taking into account the progression of replication forks. The high processivity of Topo IV to relax the left‐handed (+) supercoiling that transiently accumulates ahead of the forks is not essential, since DNA gyrase and swiveling of the forks cooperate with Topo IV (...) to accomplish this task in vivo. We conclude that despite Topo IV has a lower processivity to unlink the right‐handed (+) crossings of pre‐catenanes and fully replicated catenanes, this is indeed its main role in vivo. This would explain why in the absence of Topo IV replication goes‐on, but fully replicated sister duplexes remain heavily catenated. (shrink)

El timbre general de los documentos implicados en el actual proceso de reforma educativa oscila entre la apología y el tecnocratismo, permaneciendo a la sombra de la discusión, por lo que al ámbito académico respecta, las más de las veces, el papel que la Universidad jugará como motor de la investigación y la innovación tecnológica en la dinámica competitiva de los grandes bloques capitalistas. Estos textos deben ser leídos en su contexto social, político y económico, así como confrontados a la (...) luz, o más bien a la oscuridad, de documentos de la Comisión Europea relativos a las políticas de convergencia y competitividad económica. Las siguientes... líneas acotan con gran precisión el contexto de la reforma: "Los poderes públicos, para asumir sus responsabilidades deben apoyar el desarrollo de los mercados del futuro y prever los ajustes en vez de sufrirlos. La Unión Europea debe situar mejor su capital científico y tecnológico al servicio de la competitividad industrial y de las necesidades de los mercados. Conviene prestar mayor atención a la difusión de los resultados de la innovación, su transferencia y su valorización por la industria y actualizar la distinción tradicional entre investigación fundamental, investigación precompetitiva e investigación aplicada para evitar lo que ha ocurrido en algunas ocasiones en el sentido de que la industria europea no siempre ha podido beneficiarse de todos los esfuerzos efectuados en materia de investigación" 1. Según creemos, el actual proceso de convergencia persigue la conversión de la educación superior en una mera función de la reproducción capitalista. The general tone of documents that relate to the actual education reform process oscillates between self-defense and technocratism. In academic circles, far from debate, the university is regarded as being the engine of investigation and the innovative technology that will be employed by large capitalist groups in their fields of dynamic competition. These texts should be read in their social, political and economic contexts and should be compared with the clarity or perhaps obscurity of European Commission papers written on convergence and economic competitiveness. We believe that the present convergence process is designed to promote further education as a mere tool to be used in capitalist reproduction. (shrink)

Vaccines represent preventative interventions amenable to immunogenetic prediction of how human variability will influence their safety and efficacy. The genetic polymorphism among individuals within any population can render possible that the immunity elicited by a vaccine is variable in length and strength. The same immune challenge (virus and/or vaccine) could provoke partial, complete or even failed protection for some individuals treated under the same conditions. We review genetic variants and mechanistic relationships among chemokines, chemokine receptors, interleukins, interferons, interferon receptors, toll‐like (...) receptors, histocompatibility antigens, various immunoglobulins and major histocompatibility complex antigens. These are the targets for variation among macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T‐ and B‐lymphocytes, and complement. The technology platforms (mRNA, viral vectors, proteins) utilized to produce vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 infections may each trigger genetically distinct immune reactogenic profiles. With DNA biobanking and immunoprofiling of recipients, global COVID‐19 vaccinations could launch a new era of personalized healthcare. (shrink)

In this paper we will address one of the forms that assume the social conflict, considering an everyday behavior: the look and the ways of representation that it produces. The beginning of our argumentation is marked by Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition. His contributions give a perspective that allow us to unite the analysis of socials struggles with the problem of the look. For this work we study how Honneth build an ethical approach about the look, from the ideas of (...) recognition and inter-subjectivity. In that sense, practical behavior like social humiliation and social domination, materialized through the look, are read as the negative reverse of recognition. We seek to think the look inserted in the social conflict beyond recognition, because we defend the hypothesis that the notion of recognition, as proposed by Honneth, assumes normative assumptions that visualize conflict as oriented to the consolidation of a mediated understanding of one`s own personality and the self-affirmation of subject, as also assumes an evolutionary logic rationality. Once shown this, we will answer the question: how to understand/comprehend the problem of the look from a different perspective? (shrink)

In this paper we will address one of the forms that assume the social conflict, considering an everyday behavior: the look and the ways of representation that it produces. The beginning of our argumentation is marked by Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition. His contributions give a perspective that allow us to unite the analysis of socials struggles with the problem of the look. For this work we study how Honneth build an ethical approach about the look, from the ideas of (...) recognition and inter-subjectivity. In that sense, practical behavior like social humiliation and social domination, materialized through the look, are read as the negative reverse of recognition. We seek to think the look inserted in the social conflict beyond recognition, because we defend the hypothesis that the notion of recognition, as proposed by Honneth, assumes normative assumptions that visualize conflict as oriented to the consolidation of a mediated understanding of one`s own personality and the self-affirmation of subject, as also assumes an evolutionary logic rationality. Once shown this, we will answer the question: how to understand/comprehend the problem of the look from a different perspective? (shrink)

This research aims to analyses Leibniz’ Monadologic Ontology and his theory of expression as opposed to those readings of Leibniz’ work that define monads as isolated entities that lack that all possible relation. The analysis will also show that, beyond his notion of Personal Identity, underlies a logic of Otherness able to dialogue with contemporary Personalism. This logic of otherness, if our reading of Leibniz is right, it is especially ostensible in the ‘spirits’, which expressive nature establish not only a (...) systematic bond with the totality of beings that integrate the world, but also a notion of Personal Identity. Such notion allows that otherness acquires a prescriptive character: to place us in other’s situation and thus understand their needs and, through this, acknowledge our place in the cosmos. In order to achieve this we will carry four tasks: first, we will analyze in depth the application of his theory of expression to Monadologic ontology and his notio completa. Second, we will appreciate what implicatures have both for the specific case of spirits, emphasizing the communitarian nature of these rational monads. Third, we will rebuild a Leibnizian theory of Personal Identity and finally, we will compare the results with the main Personalists’ body of thesis. (shrink)

Drawing on the Agency-Stewardship approach, which suggests that manager profile may range from the agent model to the steward model, this article aims to examine how important CEOs are to corporate social responsibility (CSR). Specifically, this exploratory study proposes the existence of a relationship between manager profile and CSR practices and that this relation is mediated by the perceived role of ethics and social responsibility. After applying a mediated regression analysis using survey information collected from 149 CEOs in Spain, results (...) show that those closer to the steward model are more inclined to attach great importance to ethics and social responsibility, and to implement CSR practices in their companies. Results also provide support for the suggested mediating effect. Thus, this article extends research in understanding top managers as drivers for CSR and suggests new ways to deal with this issue empirically. (shrink)

This work approaches views on the preservation of industrial housing heritage in Malaga, Spain, and the pressure caused by its recent urban renovation. The aims of the research include geographic space analysis and assessing how archaeological recording and archaeometry, specifically archaeometallurgy, can contribute to the preservation of information about structures and materials that continuously disappear from urban contexts. The results constitute an initial beginning to expand a comparative archaeological database for the city. The ideas and procedures presented here are expected (...) to provide some guidance for generating further research from urban, architectural, archaeological, and geographical perspectives. (shrink)

"El presente volumen colectivo recoge las ideas sobre la relación entre filosofía, política y religión de pensadores capitales de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Entre otros, Berlin, Arendt, Oakeshott, Aron, Hayek, Popper, Habermas, Taylor, Ratzinger, Strauss o Rawls. Los lectores encontrarán que el cuadro general que se desprende de su lectura no permite reducir su contenido a una idea fuerza o a una tesis general que unifique el libro. Los autores tratados, provenientes de disciplinas distintas, con intereses temáticos y (...) sensibilidades diversas, coinciden, sin embargo, en ofrecer una reconsideración teórica del papel de la religión en la sociedad y la política contemporáneas. Esta pluralidad de posiciones se presenta al lector como fruto de la indeterminación de las sociedades políticas occidentales respecto al problema de la religión. De esta forma, los clásicos contemporáneos que se visitan nos invitan a una discusión profunda y matizada, que servirá para intentar distinguir, de manera equilibrada, tanto los elementos donde religión y política han sido y son esferas enfrentadas, como aquellos donde el encuentro entre Atenas y Jerusalén produce una relación positiva."_ Editorial. (shrink)

Aristotle’s soul is a first principle (an ‘efficient cause’) of every vital change in an animal, in the way that a craft is a cause of its product’s coming-to-be. We argue that the soul’s causal efficacy cannot therefore be reduced to the formal constitution of vital phenomena, or to discrete interventions into independently constituted processes, but involves the exercise of vital powers. This reading does better justice to Aristotle’s conception of craft as a rational productive disposition; and it captures the (...) soul’s continuous causal role as that which brings about all forms of vital change and underwrites their unity. (shrink)